DiseaseHigh Severity

Palm Lethal Yellows

Phytoplasma (formerly mycoplasma)

A devastating phytoplasma disease that causes rapid mortality in coconut palms and other susceptible species. The disease progresses through distinct stages from premature coconut drop to characteristic yellowing of fronds, ultimately resulting in death within 3-6 months of first symptoms.

Peak Season: Disease progression: Rapid once symptoms appear (3-6 months to death)Transmission: Throughout leafhopper active periodsVector activity: Myndus crudus planthopper feeding cyclesSymptom development: Sequential stages from coconut drop to frond yellowingYear-round threat: In tropical and subtropical climates
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Palm lethal yellows showing characteristic progressive frond yellowing and palm decline

Identification & Symptoms

What to Look For

Premature dropping of coconuts (all sizes) with brown/black water-soaked areas under calyx
Blackening of new inflorescences (definitive diagnostic stage)
Progressive yellowing of fronds beginning with oldest and advancing upward
Yellowed fronds dying, turning brown, and hanging down
Death of terminal bud occurring halfway through yellowing sequence
Top of tree eventually falling away leaving bare 'telephone pole' trunk

Potential Damage

Rapid tree mortality within 3-6 months of symptom appearance
Complete loss of coconut production before tree death
Progressive root system failure from phytoplasma colonization
Economic devastation in coconut-producing regions
Ecosystem impacts from loss of palm habitat
Landscape and tourism industry losses

Lifecycle

Phytoplasma moves through sieve cells in phloem causing their death, resulting in progressive root loss, chlorosis, stunting, and death. Transmitted by leafhoppers (particularly Myndus crudus) that carry phytoplasma and transmit while feeding on host trees.

Professional Treatment Approach

1

No effective cure once symptoms appear

2

Preventive management through vector control when possible

3

Early detection and removal of infected trees to reduce inoculum

4

Plant resistant palm species in affected areas

5

Avoid planting susceptible species in known outbreak areas

Recommended Mauget Products

No effective chemical treatment available

Professional-grade treatment specifically effective against palm lethal yellows.

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